Browse Curriculum

Science

At the heart of Millbrook’s science curriculum is the physics-chemistry-biology sequence of core science courses.  These are taught using the Modeling Instructional Method, a curriculum and pedagogical approach which has been under development since 1990 at Arizona State University, and is being adapted and implemented at a number of public and independent school science programs across the country.

Unlike a traditional approach, in which students encounter a stream of disconnected topics, Modeling Instruction organizes courses around a small number of scientific models, thus making the content coherent. It applies structured inquiry techniques to the teaching of basic skills and practices in observation and experience of the world, mathematical modeling, proportional reasoning, quantitative estimation and technology-enabled data collection and analysis. 

As a result, students experience a coherent pedagogical and curricular approach through the physics, chemistry, and biology sequence with skills and content being introduced and revisited. Throughout, Millbrook's students benefit from our unique resources such as the Trevor Zoo, canopy walkway and marsh boardwalk, and the LEED Gold certified Hamilton Math and Science Center itself.  

  • Advanced Biology

    Advanced Biology is a second-year laboratory/lecture/research course for the highly motivated science student. This course is taught at the beginning college level and has expectations based accordingly. It differs significantly from the introductory and honors biology courses with respect to the range and depth of topics covered, the kind of hands-on/inquiry-based work done by students, and the time and effort required. The course is comprised of four modules: The Fundamentals; Evolutionary Theory; Human Evolutionary Biology; and Research Design and Implementation. In the first module, students will review the core biological fundamentals, such as cell biology and genetics, but will quickly advance to critically analyzing real-world issues related to these topics, including stem cell research, epigenetics, cloning, CRISPR, and epidemiology. In the second module, students will focus on evolutionary theory and participate in laboratory research showing evolution in real time. In the third module we will cover the discipline of biological anthropology, including primatology and human evolution from 60mya to the present time. Students will critically analyze fossil primate and human skeletons, focusing on the morphological adaptations that evolved in the path to becoming modern Homo sapiens. Finally, students will design and implement a small research project related to their interest. Throughout the course, students will develop scientific reasoning and critical thinking skills through meaningful engagement with the scientific topics facing us today.  Prerequisites: students will be required to pass a placement test, have earned a B or above in a previous Millbrook biology course, and have strong math and reading comprehension skills.

  • Advanced Calculus Based Physics

    This course provides a rigorous, calculus-based treatment of classical mechanics. Students analyze motion and interactions in one, two, and three dimensions using vector methods and component-based modeling. The course emphasizes building models from fundamental principles, interpreting results physically, and checking solutions using units and limiting cases. Major topics include kinematics; Newton’s Laws; circular motion and constraints; work and energy; momentum for particles and systems; center of mass; rotational motion including torque and angular momentum; oscillations; and gravitation. Differential and integral calculus are used throughout to relate motion to forces and energy and to solve multi-step problems. Prerequisites:  Successful completion of AB Calculus or recommendation of teacher.

     

  • Advanced Chemistry

    This second-year course offers in-depth investigation of college-level topics not covered previously in the general chemistry course. Students build a strong conceptual and empirical model of the atom and use it to explain and predict the behavior of chemical systems. Through laboratory experiences, in class lectures, and challenging problem solving, students learn to explain and decode complex systems through their chemistry lens. Topics covered in this course include atomic structure and bonding, equilibrium, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, acids and bases, solution stoichiometry and electrochemistry. Prerequisites: students will be required to pass a placement test, Chemistry, and a strong background in math.

  • Advanced Independent Science Research

    This class offers a unique science research opportunity for motivated students who conduct one of two forms of research: creating and conducting an original experiment or contributing to an existing experiment. The latter option could involve assisting in data collection for research being done on Millbrook’s campus or partnering with a local scientist. Participants meet as a group regularly for the first few months of the year, working towards completing a formal research proposal. Once the proposal is approved by the instructor, students work independently for approximately three-four months to execute their data collection and then work with the Advanced Statistics students to analyze and interpret their results. Research completed as part of this class is shared as a formal scientific paper, a poster, and is presented to the community at Millbrook’s Annual Science Symposium. Students’ research can also be used as the content of a science CES presentation. Prerequisite: current or planned enrollment in an advanced science class or elective and statistics are recommended. Students will need to submit a two-three page writing sample with their prospective ideas to the instructor. Enrollment by invitation of the Science Department only.

  • Advanced Physics

    A second-year course in physics designed to extend student experiences beyond topics covered in the first year of physics.  Again, emphasis is placed on an experiential and patterns-based approach to learning and understanding with lab activities integrated throughout the course to help develop and reinforce student understanding.  Honors  Physics begins where the first year left off.  Topics include thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism, optics, waves, electromagnetism, and topics in modern physics.  Prerequisites:  Completion of the first year physics course.  Requires instructor approval for IV formers, open enrollment for all V and VI form students.

     

  • Honors Biology

    While this course covers similar topics as Biology, the treatment of these topics will be more sophisticated. Students will be expected to work at a faster pace and be more independent. Student placement in the class will be determined by their performance in previous science classes. Factors considered include: grade in previous science courses, organizational skills, communication skills, capacity to move though new material at a fast rate, and capacity to work independently.
    Prerequisites: Chemistry is required.

  • Honors Physics II

    A second-year course in physics designed to extend student experiences beyond topics covered in the first year of physics.  Again, emphasis is placed on an experiential and patterns-based approach to learning and understanding with lab activities integrated throughout the course to help develop and reinforce student understanding.  Honors  Physics begins where the first year left off.  Topics include thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism, optics, waves, electromagnetism, and topics in modern physics.  Prerequisites:  Completion of the first year physics course.  Requires instructor approval for IV formers, open enrollment for all V and VI form students.

     

  • Anatomy and Physiology (Sem 1)

    Semester 1
    In this advanced-level course students investigate particular structures and functions of the human body. Topics covered include a comprehensive study of the major body systems along with the relationship particular systems play in everyday life including fitness, health, and athletics. With the use of project-based learning, students develop a greater understanding of how one system interconnects with another. This course is recommended for students interested in continuing their science education in college with a focus on nursing, physical therapy, or athletic training. Prerequisites: Biology and Vth or VIth form standing.
    *Not Offered 2026-2027

  • Animal Behavior (Sem 2)

    Semester 2
    Millbrook School is the only high school with a zoo on campus. This unique course allows students to take a deep dive into the lives of animals at our Trevor Zoo. Students consider animal behavior in a broad evolutionary context, tracing it from its evolutionary function as adaptation, through its physiological basis and associated mechanisms, to its expression. Students participate in on-going research projects and conduct their own research projects on animal behavior at the Trevor Zoo. Prerequisites: biology and Vth or VIth form standing.

  • Astronomy (Sem 1)

    Semester 1
    From the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago to last month’s full moon, from the “nearby” International Space Station to the outer edge of the observable universe, there is so much to learn, investigate, question, and observe in the cosmos. This elective is based on our collective, insatiable curiosity about our place in the universe. Throughout the course, you’ll learn about our solar system, stars and galaxies, black holes, human space exploration, the search for extraterrestrial life, rocketry, and so much more. It’s a challenging course, but designed for anyone curious about space. Prerequisites: curiosity about space; open to all forms.

  • Astronomy (Sem 2)

    From the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago to last month’s full moon, from the “nearby” International Space Station to the outer edge of the observable universe, there is so much to learn, investigate, question, and observe in the cosmos. This elective is based on our collective, insatiable curiosity about our place in the universe. Throughout the course, you’ll learn about our solar system, stars and galaxies, black holes, human space exploration, the search for extraterrestrial life, rocketry, and so much more. It’s a challenging science course, but designed for anyone curious about space. Prerequisites: curiosity about space; open to all forms.

  • Biology

    This course introduces students to many of the fundamental topics in biology. The topics covered include the classification of life, evolution, ecology, biochemistry, anatomy, physiology, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and genetics. Lab work forms the basis of the course. Whenever possible students are provided with opportunities to design experiments, collect data, and draw conclusions from their data. The communication of scientific ideas is an essential component of the course, and students will be expected to write several lab reports or lab summaries.
    Prerequisites: Chemistry is required.

  • Biotechnology (Sem 2)

    Biotechnology is a laboratory-based, research-driven life science elective designed for students interested in molecular biology, microbiology, and the practical applications of synthetic biology. This hands-on course emphasizes the development of core experimental techniques such as DNA extraction, PCR, gel electrophoresis, bacterial transformation, protein expression, and enzyme kinetics. Students will explore topics including genetic engineering, fluorescent protein modification, and microbial bioremediation of oil and plastic. Through open-ended investigations and guided inquiry, students will gain experience designing experiments, analyzing data, and applying biotechnological tools to real-world problems in health, sustainability, and environmental science. The course culminates in a series of student-led experiments and presentations focused on applied biotechnology solutions. Prerequisites: Vth and VIth form standing; completion of Biology with high marks and teacher approval.

  • Botany (Sem 1)

    (Semester 1) 
    Botany is defined as a science involving the study of plants. This fall semester master class covers a wide array of concepts in plant biology and addresses topics from the micro (cells and tissues) to the macro (ecology, biomes, and flowering plants and civilization). A large portion of the course is lab and field based, and the Millbrook School Farm, greater main and south campuses, and local environment all serve as test plots for meaningful, authentic experiential and place-based education, experiments, and research. The curricular units center around project-based learning, and this field course exposes students to interdisciplinary principles and thinking, be it through nature writing, art as a tool for scientific communication, or ethnobotany and forest forensics. With active participation and thoughtful engagement in the natural world, students have the opportunity to deepen their sense of place in the wilds of Dutchess County. Prerequisites: biology and Vth or VI form standing.
     

  • Chemistry

    Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes during various processes. The topics covered in this course will include: the nature of matter and energy, gas laws, models of the atom, the periodic table, the mole, chemical reactions, and stoichiometry. This course takes an inquiry approach to the study of chemistry and work in the laboratory will be emphasized. Students will collect data in the lab and discover essential ideas through discussion of these data. The communication of scientific ideas orally and in writing will also be emphasized. Prerequisite: Algebra I

  • Engineering & Design Thinking (Sem 1)

    Engineering & Design Thinking is a project-based course that introduces students to the fundamentals of mechanical design, CAD modeling, and problem-solving through hands-on challenges. Students will learn to analyze forces, optimize mechanical advantage, and fabricate functional prototypes using laser cutters and 3D printers. The course is structured around three major engineering projects: a catapult, a weight-bearing bridge, and a motor-powered crane. Each challenge emphasizes iterative design, structural integrity, and performance under real-world constraints. Along the way, students will gain experience with digital fabrication, electrical systems, and the creative process of design thinking. By the end of the course, students will have built and tested multiple devices that demonstrate key concepts in mechanics, motion, and load-bearing design. Prerequisites: Vth and VIth form standing; IVth form with teacher recommendation.

  • Enviro. Science - Climate Change (Sem 2)

    Semester 2
    In this course students analyze climate change as the central issue related to environmental science at the global level and develop a deep understanding of climate change science while engaging with real-life mitigation and adaptation solutions. Students enter the Biomimicry Design Challenge and work to implement effective actions at Millbrook School. Students also participate remotely in research in the Peruvian Amazon to explore climate change, conservation, and indigenous livelihoods. In these ways students apply advanced scientific theory to effect change locally and globally. Prerequisites: biology and Vth or VIth form standing.

  • Enviro. Science in the Hudson Valley (Sem 1)

    Semester 1
    Through this challenging course students take a deep dive in environmental science on the local level, using the Hudson River Valley to define our scope and our 800-acre campus as a textbook. Lessons emphasize rigorous scientific skills and methodology as well as multi-disciplinary approaches including economics, equity, and governance. Project-based learning leads students through topics in food systems, ecosystem health, and conservation management. The course features several guest speakers and field trips, through which students are involved in real and meaningful research. Prerequisites: biology and Vth or VIth form standing.

  • Physics I

    Physics is truly the most fundamental of all sciences. The concepts and analytical techniques of physics underlie the major concepts of biology and chemistry, and a mastery of these is a prerequisite for success in all scientific fields. This class will take an experiential and patterns-based approach to learning and understanding – with lab activities designed to help students develop a conceptual understanding of the math models appropriate for problem-solving at an introductory level.  Topics include motion, force interactions, mechanical energy, gravitation, and fields.  Prerequisites: none.

  • The Science of Flight (Sem 2)

    This elective will explore the dynamics, history, and technological challenges of flight, from birds to rockets and everything in between. The structure of the course will follow the technological and historical advance of human flight, with an emphasis on building things that fly. Topics will include the physics of flight, the evolution of wings, and the future of space exploration. There will also be frequent design challenges; paper airplanes, gliders, model rockets, and drones will help us explore the physics and fun of flight, and of course we’ll look to the zoo birds for inspiration. This elective does not require particular math or engineering skills, but there will be many design-and-build challenges, so students must be prepared for several projects, papers, and presentations throughout the term. Prerequisites: none, open to all forms.

Faculty

  • Photo of Jonathan Howe
    Jonathan Howe
    Teacher
    845-677-8261 Ext. 109
    Princeton, UPenn
    Radnor High School
    University of Pennsylvania - M.A.
    Princeton University - B.A.
  • Photo of Kerry Dore
    Kerry Dore
    Science Instructor
    845-677-8261 Ext. 109
    University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee - Ph.D.
    University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee - M.S.
    Franklin and Marshall - B.S.
  • Photo of Gordon MacKenzie
    Gordie MacKenzie '79
    On Sabbatical, 2026-2027
    845-677-8261 Ext. 109
    Marist College - B.S.
  • Photo of Jessie Martin
    Jessie Martin
    Science Instructor
    845-677-8261 Ext. 109
    Tufts University - M.S.
    Swarthmore College - B.A.
  • Photo of Leigh Schmitt
    Leigh Schmitt
    Science Instructor, Director of Stewardship and Sustainability, Community Service Coordinator
    845-677-8261 Ext. 109
    Green Mountain College - M.S.
    University of Massachusetts - B.S.
    Union College - B.A.
  • Photo of Patrick Swift
    Pat Swift
    Physics Instructor
    845-677-8261 Ext. 109
    Yale University - M.A.
    Yale University - B.S.
  • Photo of Alan Tousignant
    Alan Tousignant
    Director of the Trevor Zoo, Science Instructor
    845-677-8261 Ext. 178
    University of Texas at Austin - Ph.D.
    Vassar College - B.A.
  • Photo of Stephanie Turner
    Stephanie Turner
    Science Instructor
    845-677-8261 Ext. 109
    Bryn Mawr College - B.S.
131 Millbrook School Road, Millbrook, NY 12545
T. (845) 677.8261  |   F. (845) 677.8598